8D

 

 

 

 

 

8D, Eight disciplines

8D methodology is to identify, correct, and eliminate recurring problems, making it useful in product and process improvement.

D0: Plan

Plan for solving the problem and determine the prerequisites.

D1: Use a team

Select and establish a team of people with product/process knowledge.

D2: Define and describe the problem

Specify the problem by identifying in quantifiable terms the who, what, where, when, why, how, and   how many (5W2H) for the problem.

D3: Develop interim containment plan; implement and verify interim actions.

Define and implement containment actions to isolate the problem from any customer.

D4: Determine, identify, and verify root causes and escape points.

Identify all applicable causes that could explain why the problem occurred. Also identify why the problem was not noticed at the time it occurred. All causes shall be verified or proved, not determined by fuzzy brainstorming. One can use 5 Whys and cause and effect diagrams to map causes against the effect or problem identified.

D5: Choose and verify permanent corrections (PCs) for problem/nonconformity

Through preproduction programs, quantitatively confirm that the selected correction will resolve the problem for the customer.

D6: Implement and validate corrective actions

Define and implement the best corrective actions (CA).

D7: Take preventive measures

Modify the management systems, operation systems, practices, and procedures to prevent recurrence of this and all similar problems.

D8: Congratulate your team

Recognize the collective efforts of the team. The team needs to be formally thanked by the organization.